Dr. Natalia Nowakowska is Professor of European History at Somerville College, University of Oxford.



Thursday 30 April 2020

Gesture - from Botticelli to Microsoft Teams

            
Primavera, Sandro Botticelli (1470s/80s)
            
       As Trinity term starts in Oxford, it is not only teaching which has moved online, but also the regular College and Faculty committee meetings which pepper the diaries of academics in this self-governing republic of scholars. Normally, we meet in groups of 20 in the high-ceilinged rooms of the History Faculty, in groups of 10 in Somerville’s SCR Dining Room, or in the full 40+ Governing Body assembly of college Fellows, in the basement hall of our 1970s’ Wolfson building. Instead, we now meet exclusively on screens. Microsoft Teams, the video-conferencing tool used by the University (and the UK House of Lords), currently shows only the faces of the four most recent speakers. The other digitally-present committee members are visible purely as tiny initials at the bottom of the screen. While online committee meetings work surprisingly well in many respects, the move from physical Oxford rooms to screens has revealed how much of a traditional meeting is conducted silently, via body language. Not all 40, 20 or 10 members of a committee will speak on every topic on the agenda, of course, but vigorous nods, discreet frowns, smiles, agitated shuffling of papers – even when only half-registered by others – together create a mood, a collective sense of a group reaction, over and above what is actually said (and minuted). At present, we cannot see our non-speaking colleagues’ mini-gestures, just rows of silent initials in coloured circles – even as we grapple with critical issues, such as the financial challenge which the pandemic urgently poses for Oxford colleges, or the implications of social distancing for teaching now and in the months to come. The ‘chat’ function, where committee members can post brief comments on the discussion in a side bar for all to see, is helpful, but it is still verbal communication; with emojis, but without gesture or human facial expressions.

                Historians have for decades studied the role and importance of gesture, particularly in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. The theme of the International Medieval Congress in Leeds (IMC) back in 2006, for example, was ‘Emotion and Gesture’; in 2016, Piotr Węcowski of Warsaw University published on the gestures of the Jagiellonian kings of Poland in the 15C and 16C, and their grave political meaning to contemporaries. Michael Baxandall’s celebrated book, Painting and Experience in Fifteenth-Century Italy (1972), argued that decoding body language in Renaissance paintings is key to understanding their meanings and composition. He pointed out, for example, that in Botticelli’s famously enigmatic Primavera, Venus’ raised hand would have been understood by (educated) contemporaries as a gesture of welcome to her spring bower. Or that the manically grinning, pointing angel seen at the foot of many Renaissance paintings is a reference to a character familiar from 15C street theatre – the festaiulo who literally pointed out which actor the viewer should be paying attention to. Late medieval preachers, meanwhile, had a repertoire of gestures, or sign language, so extensive that (some argue) a wandering Italian friar could preach through body language alone in, say, Brittany. By contrast, on Teams we communicate oblivious to most of the pointing, sighing and waving of colleagues.

 
                Having our normal professional interactions as scholars shaken up so radically by social distancing, however, can create a new space for potential historical insights and reflections. Looking at day-to-day 21C academic life, as it is turned upside down and rendered no-longer-familiar, mediated entirely through screens, might make us newly alert to elements in past cultures which we have not adequately spotted to date, and generate new research questions about society, culture and communication. Because it is not only teaching and research which are famously complementary scholarly activities; historians and anthropologists know that committee meetings, in both their traditional (tables) and novel (screens) forms, are also a crucial forum for watching, reflecting, and thinking on many levels – a surprising window, if you will, onto bigger norms and wider worlds.


27 comments:

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    3:Prosperity Spell
    4:Lottery Spell
    5:Cancer cure ETC......













    I want to quickly crave your indulgence and bring to your notice a powerful spell caster called Dr LOVE0 who in just 3 days of contact was able to bring back my lost love am short of words to thank him and i have resort to this medium of telling the world at large about him. His truly amazing and kind contact him today via Email: doctor0lovespell@gmail.com or check his blogs: https://doctorlovespell0.blogspot.com/ or visit his FB page: https://www.facebook.com/Lovespellthatworkfastusa  .He is also able to cast spells like
    1:Pregnancy Spell
    2:Jail Release
    3:Prosperity Spell
    4:Lottery Spell
    5:Cancer cure ETC......




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    Hello my name is Kallya from USA i want to tell the world about the great and mighty spell caster called Priest Ade my husband was cheating on me and no longer committed to me and our kids when i asked him what the problem was he told me he has fell out of love for me and wanted a divorce i was so heart broken i cried all day and night but he left home i was looking for something online when i saw an article how the great and powerful Priest Ade have helped so many in similar situation like mine he email address was there so i sent him an email telling him about my problem he told me he shall return back to me within 24hrs i did everything he asked me to do the nest day to my greatest surprise my husband came back home and was crying and begging for me to forgive and accept him back he can also help you contact
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    Blog: https://priestade.blogspot.com

    WhatsApp +2347059715465 .






    Hello my name is Kallya from USA i want to tell the world about the great and mighty spell caster called Priest Ade my husband was cheating on me and no longer committed to me and our kids when i asked him what the problem was he told me he has fell out of love for me and wanted a divorce i was so heart broken i cried all day and night but he left home i was looking for something online when i saw an article how the great and powerful Priest Ade have helped so many in similar situation like mine he email address was there so i sent him an email telling him about my problem he told me he shall return back to me within 24hrs i did everything he asked me to do the nest day to my greatest surprise my husband came back home and was crying and begging for me to forgive and accept him back he can also help you contact
    ancientspiritspellcast@yahoo.com or ancientspiritspellcast@gmail.com

    Blog: https://priestade.blogspot.com

    WhatsApp +2347059715465 .

    ReplyDelete
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    6. MENOPAUSE DISEASE
    7. EPILEPSY
    8. ASEPSIS
    9. CANCER
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    11. PREGNANCY PROBLEM
    12. SHORT SIGHTEDNESS PROBLEM
    13.YOU NEED YOUR WIFE OR HUSBAND BACRK
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    ReplyDelete
  12. Hello everyone, Words cannot describe how happy i am today after been cured from the herpes disease that i have be suffering from over 2 years now. I was infected with herpes and i have be living in shame and hiding it, but it became worse that i was searching for cure from different means so desperate until i met with a lady online who was testifying about this herbal doctor called Dr Isikolo. Who said she get her herpes disease cured with the use of Dr Isikolo herbal medicine. I never believed but i have to give a try because i was desperately in need of cure to the deadly disease that i have been living with. So i contacted him and we discussed how to get the cure and Dr Isikolo told me he cured with herbal medicine which i will order for and it will be delivered to me. Which i did what he wanted and to my greatest surprise the herbal medicine was delivered to me at my address which i gave to him, with instruction on how to apply was also given to me by Dr Isikolo. Then i started to use the herbal medicine, so after 3 weeks of using the herbal medicine, i saw physical changes and went for test at two separates hospitals and i was totally cured, i am here to say thanks to you again Dr Isikolo for saving me from the deadly herpes disease. Anyone with such disease can also contact Dr Isikolo through his EMAIL: drisikolos@gmail.com You can also call him on ++ 33779977468.

    Dr Isikolo CAN AS WELL CURE THE FOLLOWING DISEASE: -
    1. HERPES
    2. PENIS ENLARGEMENT
    3. GONORRHEA
    4. HIV / AIDS
    5. LOW SPERM COUNT
    6. MENOPAUSE DISEASE
    7. EPILEPSY
    8. ASEPSIS
    9. CANCER
    10. ANXIETY DEPRESSION
    11. PREGNANCY PROBLEM
    12. SHORT SIGHTEDNESS PROBLEM
    13.YOU NEED YOUR WIFE OR HUSBAND BACRK
    14. PTSD
    15 ADHD ....

    ReplyDelete
  13. Hello everyone, Words cannot describe how happy i am today after been cured from the herpes disease that i have be suffering from over 2 years now. I was infected with herpes and i have be living in shame and hiding it, but it became worse that i was searching for cure from different means so desperate until i met with a lady online who was testifying about this herbal doctor called Dr Isikolo. Who said she get her herpes disease cured with the use of Dr Isikolo herbal medicine. I never believed but i have to give a try because i was desperately in need of cure to the deadly disease that i have been living with. So i contacted him and we discussed how to get the cure and Dr Isikolo told me he cured with herbal medicine which i will order for and it will be delivered to me. Which i did what he wanted and to my greatest surprise the herbal medicine was delivered to me at my address which i gave to him, with instruction on how to apply was also given to me by Dr Isikolo. Then i started to use the herbal medicine, so after 3 weeks of using the herbal medicine, i saw physical changes and went for test at two separates hospitals and i was totally cured, i am here to say thanks to you again Dr Isikolo for saving me from the deadly herpes disease. Anyone with such disease can also contact Dr Isikolo through his EMAIL: drisikolos@gmail.com You can also call him on ++ 33779977468.

    Dr Isikolo CAN AS WELL CURE THE FOLLOWING DISEASE: -
    1. HERPES
    2. PENIS ENLARGEMENT
    3. GONORRHEA
    4. HIV / AIDS
    5. LOW SPERM COUNT
    6. MENOPAUSE DISEASE
    7. EPILEPSY
    8. ASEPSIS
    9. CANCER
    10. ANXIETY DEPRESSION
    11. PREGNANCY PROBLEM
    12. SHORT SIGHTEDNESS PROBLEM
    13.YOU NEED YOUR WIFE OR HUSBAND BACRK
    14. PTSD
    15 ADHD ....

    ReplyDelete
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    ReplyDelete
  15. I want to thank Dr Emu a very powerful spell caster who help me to bring my husband back to me, few month ago i have a serious problem with my husband, to the extend that he left the house, and he started dating another woman and he stayed with the woman, i tried all i can to bring him back, but all my effort was useless until the day my friend came to my house and i told her every thing that had happened between me and my husband, then she told me of a powerful spell caster who help her when she was in the same problem I then contact Dr Emu and told him every thing and he told me not to worry my self again that my husband will come back to me after he has cast a spell on him, i thought it was a joke, after he had finish casting the spell, he told me that he had just finish casting the spell, to my greatest surprise within 48 hours, my husband really came back begging me to forgive him, if you need his help you can contact him with via email: Emutemple@gmail.com or add him up on his whatsapp +2347012841542 is willing to help any body that need his help.

    ReplyDelete
  16. A GREAT SPELL CASTER (DR. EMU) THAT HELP ME BRING BACK MY EX GIRLFRIEND.
    Am so happy to testify about a great spell caster that helped me when all hope was lost for me to unite with my ex-girlfriend that I love so much. I had a girlfriend that love me so much but something terrible happen to our relationship one afternoon when her friend that was always trying to get to me was trying to force me to make love to her just because she was been jealous of her friend that i was dating and on the scene my girlfriend just walk in and she thought we had something special doing together, i tried to explain things to her that her friend always do this whenever she is not with me and i always refuse her but i never told her because i did not want the both of them to be enemies to each other but she never believed me. She broke up with me and I tried times without numbers to make her believe me but she never believed me until one day i heard about the DR. EMU and I emailed him and he replied to me so kindly and helped me get back my lovely relationship that was already gone for two months.
    Email him at: Emutemple@gmail.com  
    Call or Whats-app him: +2347012841542

    ReplyDelete
  17. This is the website I read about DR ISIKOLO and contacted him to help me get my ex boyfriend back to marry me during the month of August this year and I have come back here to post about him. Doctor Isikolo will help you solve your problem no matter what you are going through. My name is Anna Oscar. Posting about a spell caster is very strange to me because I never believed i will be able to say that I was helped by a spell caster in bringing my ex boyfriend back to me even when he left me due to infidelity and constant abuse and we fought severally and after 6 months of no contact. I read about Doctor Paul from other websites and contacted him to help me and in less than 48 hours my ex boyfriend called me and I was happy that he wants to get back to me. We met same month and he proposed to me. It was the most beautiful ring. Please everyone out here, Contact DR ISIKOLO to solve your problem for you and make you happy with your relationship that is hurting you. Love is the best feeling ever experienced. Email him at isikolosolutionhome@gmail.com You can also Whatsapp him on +2348133261196Website: https://isikololovetemple.com

    ReplyDelete
  18. Am sharing this testimony to partners suffering in their relationships because there is an enduring solution. My husband left me and our 4 kids for another woman for 1 year. I tried to be strong just for my kids but I could not control the pains that torment my heart. I was hurt and confused. I needed a help, so i did a research on the internet and came across a site where I saw that Dr. Godday a spell caster,who can help get lot lovers back within few hours I contacted him and he did a special prayer and spells for me. To my surprises, after few days, my husband came back home. That was how we reunited again and there was a lot of love, joy and peace in the family. You can as well contact Dr. Godday, a powerful spell-caster for solutions on his contact Email: goddayspiritualhome@gmail.com Whats app only +1{919}4956404

    ReplyDelete
  19. I really want to thank Dr Emu for saving my marriage. My wife really treated me badly and left home for almost 3 month this got me sick and confused. Then I told my friend about how my wife has changed towards me then she told me to contact Dr Emu that he will help me bring back my wife and change her back to a good woman. I never believed in all this but I gave it a try. Dr Emu casted a spell of return of love on her, and my wife came back home for forgiveness and today we are happy again. If you are going through any relationship stress or you want back your Ex or Divorce husband you can contact his whatsapp +2347012841542 or email emutemple@gmail.com 

    ReplyDelete
  20. Breakup is painful, sometimes we pretend to be fine but we are not, fighting to get the one we love back is also fighting to get back our joy and happiness. After my boyfriend of one year broke up with me, I could barely speak without crying. I felt blindsided and didn't know what to do. I didn't know if I could get him back and the anxiety was unbearable. I scoured the internet and after reading countless articles and websites about spells, I came across Lord Zakuza SIGNAL MESSENGER number + 1 (740) 573-9483. I wanted our relationship back and Lord Zakuza guaranteed me that my boyfriend will come back to me. So, I followed the instructions & plans that Lord Zakuza laid out for me and within 48 hours, we were back together and so in love! I know that it doesn't always happen that quickly, but Lord Zakuza said he's spells are effective and it did! I'm so grateful and I can boldly say that if you have been broken up with and you want to get that person back, Get in touch with him for Lord Zakuza is a GOD on Earth and he also specialises on spells to get pregnant for your partner, to get cured from any sickness or diseases, to win a lottery E.T.C. I'll never forget how he helped me. Email him now via: lordzakuza7@gmail.com

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  21. Hello everyone this is a great testimony that I must share. I never believed in spells or magic not until I met Dr. Ogala My life is back !!! After 3 years of broken marriage, my wife left me with two children. I almost killed myself, I was emotionally broken down. Thanks to a spell caster called Dr Ogala who I met online. One faithful day while browsing the internet, I came across a lot of testimonials about this particular caster. Some people testified that he brought their ex-lover back, others testified that he restored their uterus, cured cancer and other diseases, others testified that he could cast a spell to stop the divorce. I also come across one particular testimony, it was from a woman called Sonia, she testified about how he brought her Ex lover back in less than 2 days, and at the end of her testimony she dropped his email (Drogalad02@gmail.com). After reading all of these testimonials, I decided to give it a try. I contacted him via his email and explained my problem to him. In just 48 hours, my wife came back to see me. We have solved our problems, and we are even happier than before, Dr Ogala is truly a talented man, I am not going to stop posting it because he is a wonderful man. If you have a problem and are looking for a real solution and a real spell caster to solve all your problems for you, contact Dr Ogala with his powers He can turn your dreams into reality.
    .................................
    IT CAN ALSO HELP YOU WITH:
    1. Bring your boyfriend or girlfriend back
    2. Bring back your husband or wife
    3. Win the lottery and promotion in the offices
    4. Help you get pregnant, if you need a baby
    5. Complete Cure Of Any Kind of Sickness contact him now through: Drogalad02@gmail.Com.. you can Call/WhatsApp with this mobile number +2347049668119 ..

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  23. I and my husband were going through a separation, after 9 years of marriage. I have seen that coming due to his reaction towards me. And i was about losing my home, then i had to contact Dr Sunny the love spell caster" who cast powerful marriage blessings that reunite our marriage back together and also made our union stronger than as it were before. All thanks to Dr Sunny for reuniting my home back we are living happily now contact Dr Sunny for any marital problem's thanks to you Dr Sunny you can contact Dr Sunny via email solutioncentre911@gmail.com or  WhatsApp Dr Sunny mobile number +2349056393169

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  24. Thank you Thank You Very much Doctor Otonokpo for making my ex boyfriend come back to me. I am Cordelia Sandra from Brazil and i am putting this testimony here too because i want to share my testimony of how i was helped by Doctor Otonokpo within 48 hours of contacting him. Yes, it was last week my ex boyfriend returned to me after i contacted Doctor Otonokpo. My boyfriend was always going back to meet his ex girlfriend because he never really left her. Her name was Sophie. I didn't know how it happened one day after breakfast that i saw him looking at his ex girlfriend's picture on Facebook and I flared at him that he doesn't care about him and he was with me and still thinking about his ex although we have been dating for 6 months. He stormed at me and left the house and never returned. I was heartbroken and wanted him to come back. I was in a nightclub with friend one evening that I saw him with Sophie there, I was humiliated that night and I regretted going there only to see him there. I went online after some days and found Doctor Otonokpo and read about him and I contacted him to help me get him back. I must say that within 48 hours, my boyfriend came back to me and pleaded for leaving me. Is this how spell works so fast? Please, if you want help, contact Doctor Otonokpo too to help you at otonokpotemple@gmail.com
    Call/WhatsApp +2348114129781

    ReplyDelete
  25. Thank you Thank You Very much Doctor Otonokpo for making my ex boyfriend come back to me. I am Cordelia Sandra from Brazil and i am putting this testimony here too because i want to share my testimony of how i was helped by Doctor Otonokpo within 48 hours of contacting him. Yes, it was last week my ex boyfriend returned to me after i contacted Doctor Otonokpo. My boyfriend was always going back to meet his ex girlfriend because he never really left her. Her name was Sophie. I didn't know how it happened one day after breakfast that i saw him looking at his ex girlfriend's picture on Facebook and I flared at him that he doesn't care about him and he was with me and still thinking about his ex although we have been dating for 6 months. He stormed at me and left the house and never returned. I was heartbroken and wanted him to come back. I was in a nightclub with friend one evening that I saw him with Sophie there, I was humiliated that night and I regretted going there only to see him there. I went online after some days and found Doctor Otonokpo and read about him and I contacted him to help me get him back. I must say that within 48 hours, my boyfriend came back to me and pleaded for leaving me. Is this how spell works so fast? Please, if you want help, contact Doctor Otonokpo too to help you at otonokpotemple@gmail.com
    Call/WhatsApp +2348114129781

    ReplyDelete
  26. My husband and I have been married for over 10 years. We met when I was 18 and he was 21. We’ve been through a lot emotionally together. There were several HUGE fights and painful situations in our marriage, but we always seemed to come out stronger on the other side. Out of the blue my husband just sprung the divorce talk on me, I was totally depressed until I found the Dr.Todd website online and I ordered a Love spell. You won’t believe my husband called me at the exact time this spell caster finished his spell work in 24hours. I was totally amazed! He is wonderful and his spells work so fast. His contact: manifestspellcast@gmail.com
    https://youtube.com/channel/UCNezAFQL1OAZbESTOsTfp_g
    https://www.facebook.com/Manifest-Spell-Cast-102179992108255

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  27. How my Aunt got back her Husband with the help of Dr. Irurulay. +234 7045410079

    Get your ex back with the help of Dr. Irurulay who helped my Aunt to bring back his husband who left her and her kids to suffer for a year for no reason all her effort to try and reach him to no avail then a friend gave her the contact of Great Dr. IRURULAY. so she mails him about her problem and he assures her that in less than 72 hours, her husband who left her and the kids will come begging just has he said 72hrs later her husband called her asking her to forgive him that he can't explain why he left the family to suffer am happy he is back with more love for my Aunt and the kids. If you're suffering from depression or any kind of problem you can contact him. Email: drIrurulay@gmail.com
    Call/WhatsApp +2347045410079

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